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Rome's Most Notorious Defeats The History and Legacy of the Battle of Cannae and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

Rome's Most Notorious Defeats The History and Legacy of the Battle of Cannae and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Rome's Most Notorious Defeats: The History and Legacy of the Battle of Cannae and the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest by Charles River Editors
English | December 3, 2016 | ISBN: 1540797759 | 124 pages | EPUB | 2.60 Mb
*Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts of the battles *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Although the Romans gained the upper hand over Carthage in the wake of the First Punic War, the legendary Carthaginian general Hannibal brought the Romans to their knees for over a decade during the Second Punic War. While military historians are still amazed that he was able to maintain his army in Italy near Rome for nearly 15 years, scholars are still puzzled over some of his decisions, including why he never attempted to march on Rome in the first place. Regardless, Hannibal was such a threat that the Romans responded in an unprecedented nature when the Carthaginians resumed the campaigning season in the spring of 216 BCE by capturing the city of Cannae, a crucial supply hub, and placing themselves along the line that convoys from the ports and warehouses of the south needed to travel to reach Rome. This was something the Romans could not and did not take lying down; Rome raised the largest army in their city's history, a force of between 80,000 and 100,000 men, and marched south with Consuls Varro and Paullus at the head of the army. Varro led the Roman legions straight at the center of Hannibal's formation, proceeding in characteristic bull-headed fashion and spearheading the assault himself. Hannibal's troops in the center yielded before the legions, as Hannibal had anticipated, sucking the bulk of the Roman force deep into the centre of Hannibal's formation. Meanwhile, the wings of Hannibal's infantry automatically swung against the flanks of the Roman force. The result was a massacre, one of the most vicious battles in the history of the world. Around 75% of the Roman army was cut down in the ensuing melee, which would be in the vicinity of between 50,000-80,000 soldiers depending on which initial estimates are considered to be accurate. Cannae is still considered one of the greatest tactical victories in the history of warfare, and the fact the battle was a complete victory resulting in the wholesale annihilation of the enemy army made it the textbook example for military commanders to try to duplicate. Of course, others usually were unsuccessful. Cannae was the kind of complete victory that every commander from Caesar to Frederick the Great to Napoleon to Robert E. Lee sought, and that few generals save Caesar and Napoleon bagged whole armies is a testament to the near impossibility of achieving a victory like Cannae. While Rome certainly suffered defeats and outright massacres over the course of its long and storied history, none of them were as disturbing for the Empire as the battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE. This battle, which took place in Germany, is also known as the Varian disaster, named after the governor of the Roman province, Germania Publius Quinctilius Varus. The battle remains pertinent not only to military historians and archeologists but also to modern military officers around the world as well. As recently as 2009, the United States of America's Army Command and General Staff College published a work that focused upon the Roman legions in the Teutoburg Forest. Indeed, the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest featured some of the finest fighting forces in the world - the Roman legionaries - and a group of people whom the Romans didn't consider human at all - the Germanic tribes. Nonetheless, the battle between these two forces, in the narrow confines of the Teutoburg Forest, would be a turning point in the histories of both nations. Never again would Rome seek to establish a colony and create a functioning province out of the Germanic area; in fact, the Romans never ventured east of the Rhine River after the disastrous expedition.

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Romanian Folklore and Its Archaic Heritage

Romanian Folklore and Its Archaic Heritage
Romanian Folklore and Its Archaic Heritage: A Cultural and Linguistic Comparative Study
English | 2023 | ISBN: 3031040503 | 546 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 5 MB
This book presents rich information on Romanian mythology and folklore, previously under-explored in Western scholarship, placing the source material within its historical context and drawing comparisons with European and Indo-European culture and mythological tradition. The author presents a detailed comparative study and argues that Romanian mythical motifs have roots in Indo-European heritage, by analyzing and comparing mythical motifs from the archaic cultures, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Sanskrit, and Persian, with written material and folkloric data that reflects the Indo-European culture. The book begins by outlining the history of the Getae-Dacians, beginning with Herodotus' description of their customs and beliefs in the supreme god Zamolxis, then moves to the Roman wars and the Romanization process, before turning to recent debates in linguistics and genetics regarding the provenance of a shared language, religion, and culture in Europe. The author then analyzes myth creation, its relation to rites, and its functions in society, before examining specific examples of motifs and themes from Romanian folk tales and songs. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of folklore studies, comparative mythology, linguistic anthropology, and European culture.

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Robust and Intelligent Control of a Typical Underactuated Robot

Robust and Intelligent Control of a Typical Underactuated Robot
Robust and Intelligent Control of a Typical Underactuated Robot: Mobile Wheeled Inverted Pendulum
English | 2023 | ISBN: 9811971560 | 199 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 29 MB
This book presents the achievements of the author's team in the research of a special underactuated system called mobile wheeled inverted pendulum (MWIP) developed over recent years. It focuses on a combination of theory and practice, and almost all algorithms are verified on the real MWIP system. Taking the dynamic modeling, control, and simulation as the mainline, this book first introduces the particularity, control challenges, and applications of the MWIP system. Then, Lagrange function is adopted to model the dynamics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional MWIP systems. Then, based on the special characteristics of the MWIP's dynamics, a new high-order disturbance observer is designed, and a control strategy is proposed by combining the high-order disturbance observer with a novel design of sliding mode manifold. Furthermore, several methods to overcome the chattering problem of the traditional sliding mode control are presented in detail. Besides, some intelligent algorithms related to the interval type-2 fuzzy logic control are applied to the MWIP system. Finally, the future development of underactuated robot has been prospected.This book is intended for researchers and engineers in robotics and control. It can also be used as supplementary reading for nonlinear systems theory at the graduate level. The in-depth theory and detailed platform construction provide an excellent convenience for readers to build their platforms and learn the knowledge they need.

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Risk, Information and Insurance Essays in the Memory of Karl H. Borch

Risk, Information and Insurance Essays in the Memory of Karl H. Borch
Risk, Information and Insurance: Essays in the Memory of Karl H. Borch by Henri Loubergé
English | PDF | 1991 | 275 Pages | ISBN : 0792390415 | 31.4 MB
Orio Giarini The "Geneva Association" (International Association for the Study of Risk and Insurance Economics) was founded in 1973. The main goal was to stimulate and organize objective research in the field of risk, uncertainty, and insurance, in a world in which such issues were clearly becoming of greater and greater relevance for all economic actors. This was a pioneer ing effort, especially as economic theory and the teaching of economics were still anchored to the key notion of general equilibrium under an assumption of certainty.

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Rise of the Fourth Reich Confronting COVID Fascism with a New Nuremberg Trial, So This Never Happens Again

Rise of the Fourth Reich Confronting COVID Fascism with a New Nuremberg Trial, So This Never Happens Again
Rise of the Fourth Reich: Confronting COVID Fascism with a New Nuremberg Trial, So This Never Happens Again by Steve Deace, Daniel Horowitz
English | February 14th, 2023 | ISBN: 163758752X | 432 pages | True EPUB | 3.03 MB
COVID-19 fascism was the worst tyranny in American history, and those responsible must be held accountable so nothing like it ever happens again.

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Rhetorical Criticism Perspectives in Action

Rhetorical Criticism Perspectives in Action
Jim A. Kuypers, "Rhetorical Criticism: Perspectives in Action"
English | ISBN: 1538138131 | 2021 | 408 pages | PDF | 4 MB
Covering a broad range of rhetorical perspectives, Rhetorical Criticism: Perspectives in Action, third edition presents a well-grounded introduction to the basics of rhetorical criticism and theory in an accessible manner for advanced undergraduate courses and introductory graduate courses.

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Revolutionary shift The James Webb telescope

Revolutionary shift  The James Webb telescope
Revolutionary shift : The James Webb telescope (Discovering of the universe with the help of James Webb Space telescope Book 1) by Samuel Karl
English | 2022 | ISBN: N/A | ASIN: B0BFK4M4J5 | EPUB | 0.12 Mb
The Infrared astronomy is the primary mission of the James Webb Space Telescope, which is a space telescope built mainly for the study of infrared light. Because of its great infrared resolution and sensitivity, the James Webb Space Telescope can see objects that are either too early, too far, or too faint for the Hubble Space Telescope.

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Rethinking Medical Humanities Perspectives from the Arts and the Social Sciences (Medical Traditions)

Rethinking Medical Humanities Perspectives from the Arts and the Social Sciences (Medical Traditions)
Rethinking Medical Humanities: Perspectives from the Arts and the Social Sciences (Medical Traditions) by Rinaldo F. Canalis, Massimo Ciavolella, Valeria Finucci
English | December 19th, 2022 | ISBN: 3110788004 | 420 pages | True EPUB | 8.41 MB
Medical Humanities may be broadly conceptualized as a discipline wherein medicine and its specialties intersect with those of the humanities and social sciences. As such it is a hybrid area of study where the impact of disease and healing science on culture is assessed and expressed in the particular language of the disciplines concerned with the human experience. However, as much as at first sight this definition appears to be clear, it does not reflect how the interaction of medicine with the humanities has evolved to become a separate field of study. In this publication we have explored, through the analysis of a group of selected multidisciplinary essays, the dynamics of this process.

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