Strona Główna » Materiały dla 24.09.2022 » Strona 10

We, the Japanese People World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution (2 Volume Set)

We, the Japanese People World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution (2 Volume Set)
We, the Japanese People: World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution (2 Volume Set) By Dale Hellegers
2002 | 896 Pages | ISBN: 0804734542 | PDF | 34 MB
This is the definitive story of how the United States attempted to turn Japan into a democratic and peace-loving nation by drafting a new constitution for its former enemy―and then pretending that the Japanese had written it. Based on scores of interviews with participants in the process, as well as exhaustive research in Japanese and American records, the book explores in vivid detail the thinking and intentions behind the drafting of the constitution.Confusion and strife marked planning for the democratization of Japan, first in Washington, then in occupied Tokyo. Policy makers in the State, War, and Navy departments, the Joint Chiefs, and the White House contended bitterly over how to devise an "unconditional surrender" that would minimize Allied casualties while according the victor supreme authority over a soundly defeated Japan. By war's end, there were still no firm guidelines on a host of crucial issues, including how the Japanese system of government could be made acceptably democratic.The first months of occupation were chaotic, with General MacArthur organizing his staff around loyal followers and edging out experts sent from Washington. Hampered by a narrow interpretation of the terms of surrender and wishful thinking about Japanese compliance with American expectations, MacArthur set in motion a fiasco. Because of a translator's error, Prince Konoye, three-time Prime Minister of Japan, thought MacArthur had entrusted him with revising the Japanese constitution and assembled a staff of constitutional law experts and set to work. However, conservatives in the Japanese cabinet denounced his efforts and produced their own version, which MacArthur found unacceptable. MacArthur then secretly instructed his staff, with its very limited knowledge of either Japan or constitutional law, to draft a new Japanese constitution, which amazingly they did in a week's time. Expecting approval of its own draft, the Japanese cabinet was stunned when presented with a completely different American document. So unrelenting was the pressure exerted by MacArthur's officers that it was clear to members of the cabinet they had no choice but to adopt the American draft more or less intact, and publish it as their own.Because of the broad range of its meticulous research, the book will be a standard reference not only for students of Japanese history but also for legal scholars, diplomatic historians, and political scientists.

Czytaj więcej

Water Science Reviews 5 Volume 5 The Molecules of Life

Water Science Reviews 5 Volume 5 The Molecules of Life
Water Science Reviews 5: Volume 5: The Molecules of Life by Felix Franks
English | January 29, 2009 | ISBN-10: 0521100534 | 304 pages | PDF | 7.9 Mb
This volume is devoted to the solution behavior of the molecules of life: lipids, nucleotide bases, amino acids, and sugars. Theory is confronted by experiment and comparisons are made between the properties of molecules in crystals and in solution. Four excellent reviews are included. John and Lois Crowe consider the profound lyotropic effects of water on membrane phospholipids.

Czytaj więcej

Vocational Education in the Nordic Countries The Historical Evolution

Vocational Education in the Nordic Countries The Historical Evolution
Vocational Education in the Nordic Countries: The Historical Evolution By Svein Michelsen (editor), Marja-Leena Stenström (editor)
2018 | 252 Pages | ISBN: 113822085X | PDF | 3 MB
Vocational Education in the Nordic Countries: The Historical Evolution is the first of two books that disseminate new and systematic knowledge on the strengths and weaknesses of the different models of vocational education and training (VET) in four Nordic countries. Vocational education in Europe has resisted standardisation to a higher degree than other fields of education, and during the last decade, there has been a growth in international, comparative VET research. While the Nordic countries provide an ideal case for comparative education studies, the literature in English on the Nordic VET systems is at present very limited.This first book provides thorough examinations of VET in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland over 150 years. Each section examines the historical evolution of VET at upper secondary level in one of the four Nordic countries. Contributors also analyse how each country have tried to reform their respective VET systems, and compare the paths which each nation has taken. The book explores what can be learned from the diversity of the VET-systems in the Nordic countries, which otherwise have many similarities and share a common heritage in education policy. This volume will help strengthen the knowledge base required for transnational policy learning, and for developing vocational education internationally for the future. It will be of interest to researchers, academics and postgraduate students involved in the study of vocational education, educational studies and educational policy, education planners and teachers educators.

Czytaj więcej

Visions of the Land Science, Literature, and the American Environment from the Era of Exploration to the Age of Ecology

Visions of the Land Science, Literature, and the American Environment from the Era of Exploration to the Age of Ecology
Visions of the Land: Science, Literature, and the American Environment from the Era of Exploration to the Age of Ecology By Michael A. Bryson
2002 | 228 Pages | ISBN: 0813921066 | PDF | 2 MB
The work of John Charles Fremont, Richard Byrd, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, John Wesley Powell, Susan Cooper, Rachel Carson, and Loren Eiseley represents a widely divergent body of writing. Yet despite their range of genres―including exploration narratives, technical reports, natural histories, scientific autobiographies, fictional utopias, nature writing, and popular scientific literature―these seven authors produced strikingly connected representations of nature and the practice of science in America from about 1840 to 1970. Michael A. Bryson provides a thoughtful examination of the authors, their work, and the ways in which science and nature unite them.Visions of the Land explores how our environmental attitudes have influenced and been shaped by various scientific perspectives from the time of western expansion and geographic exploration in the mid-nineteenth century to the start of the contemporary environmental movement in the twentieth century. Bryson offers a literary-critical analysis of how writers of different backgrounds, scientific training, and geographic experiences represented nature through various kinds of natural science, from natural history to cartography to resource management to ecology and evolution, and in the process, explored the possibilities and limits of science itself.Visions of the Land examines the varied, sometimes conflicting, but always fascinating ways in which we have defined the relations among science, nature, language, and the human community. Ultimately, it is an extended meditation on the capacity of using science to live well within nature.

Czytaj więcej

Vision and Supervision Jungian and Post-Jungian Perspectives

Vision and Supervision Jungian and Post-Jungian Perspectives
Dale Mathers, "Vision and Supervision: Jungian and Post-Jungian Perspectives"
English | 2008 | ISBN: 0415415799, 0415415802 | PDF | pages: 219 | 1.7 mb
Supervision in analytical psychology is a topic that until recently has been largely neglected. Vision and Supervision draws on archetypal, classical, and developmental Post-Jungian theory to explore supervision from a variety of different avenues.

Czytaj więcej
strzałka do góry